One of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world, Nalanda University has a long history of artistic and intellectual achievements. Recently, diplomats and academics from all over the world became re-interested in Nalanda University as Prime Minister Narendra Modi opened a new campus next to the old Rajgir ruins. This occasion marks an important turning point in the history of an organization that was once considered a lighthouse of knowledge in ancient India. This blog article explores the intriguing past, sad collapse, and exciting future of Nalanda University.
The Birth of Nalanda University
In what is now the modern-day state of Bihar, the ancient kingdom of Magadha hosted the founding of Nalanda University in the fifth century CE. Nalanda, the world’s first residential university, was situated close to Pataliputra (modern-day Patna) and the city of Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir). It drew academics from all over the world, including Southeast Asia, China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, and Sri Lanka.
The university offered a broad range of topics including medicine, Ayurveda, Buddhism, mathematics, language, astronomy, and Indian philosophy. It was a hub of intellectual activity. Nalanda achieved its peak during the Pala dynasty’s financing in the eighth and ninth century CE, winning praise from all over the world for its demanding academic programs and esteemed teachers.
Aryabhata, the father of Indian mathematics and the creator of zero, was among the most famous scholars connected to Nalanda. His innovative contributions to mathematics and astronomy still have an impact on these disciplines today.
Rigorous Admission and Scholarly Excellence
Nalanda University admissions was as tough as getting into any of today’s elite universities, such as the IITs, IIMs, or Ivy League colleges. Applicants had to go through a rigorous interview process, and if accepted, they would be paired with a group of academic mentors. These students were taught by renowned Buddhist gurus like Dharmapala and Silabhadra, who ensured a high quality of instruction and intellectual growth.
Known as the “Mountain of Truth,” or “Dharma Gunj,” the university library included nine million handwritten palm-leaf manuscripts, making it the largest collection of Buddhist knowledge in the world. Nalanda’s standing as a global hub of knowledge and wisdom was highlighted by this huge collection.
The Tragic Destruction of Nalanda University
A Turko-Afghan military commander named Bakhtiyar Khilji set Nalanda University on fire in the 1190s, bringing a sudden and terrible end to the university’s long existence. What was perhaps the most valuable collection of Buddhist writings and knowledge was destroyed in the ensuing three-month-long fire.
Some manuscripts survived and are currently kept in places like the Yarlung Museum in Tibet and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, despite the severe damage. The Scottish surveyor Francis Buchanan-Hamilton unearthed the remains of Nalanda in 1812 after they had been hidden for decades. Eventually, in 1861, Sir Alexander Cunningham certified the location as the historic university.
Revival of Nalanda University
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, the university’s previous president, suggested reviving Nalanda University in 2006. With the passage of the Nalanda institution Bill in 2010, this concept gained power, and the institution opened for business in 2014, first from a temporary site close to Rajgir.
In 2016, the permanent campus at Pilkhi village, Rajgir, was officially opened by former president Pranab Mukherjee. The new campus was officially opened today, after the start of construction in 2017.
Also Read : Biography of Bhupen Hazarika
Features of the New Nalanda University Campus
With a net-zero carbon footprint and a combination of eco-friendly and modern architecture, the new Nalanda University campus is built to respect the teachings of the age-old Vaastu Shastra. The campus, which is 100 acres in size, has the following resources:
- Academic Blocks: Two blocks with 40 classrooms capable of accommodating nearly 1,900 students.
- Auditoriums: Two auditoriums with a combined seating capacity of over 300.
- Student Housing: Hostels for up to 550 students.
- Faculty Housing: 197 academic housing units for faculty.
- Amenities: A sports complex, medical center, commercial center, and faculty club.
- Library: A planned library with a capacity for 300,000 books and 3,000 users, expected to be completed by September.
Schools and Centers at Nalanda University
Nalanda University currently operates six schools, covering a diverse range of disciplines:
- School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy, and Comparative Religions
- School of Historical Studies
- School of Ecology and Environmental Studies
- School of Languages and Literature
- School of Management Studies
- School of International Relations and Peace Studies
In addition to these schools, the university hosts four specialized centers:
- Center for Bay of Bengal Studies
- Center for Indo-Persian Studies
- Center for Conflict Resolution
- Common Archival Resource Center
The variety of programs offered by these schools and centers reflects Nalanda University’s dedication to worldwide academic quality. These programs include short-term certificate courses, postgraduate and doctorate research courses, and scholarships for students from other countries.
FAQs about Nalanda University
Who destroyed Nalanda University and why?
Nalanda University was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji, a Turko-Afghan military general, in the 1190s. His motives were driven by a desire to suppress Buddhist learning and to establish his dominance over the region. The destruction was part of a larger campaign to dismantle centers of learning and culture.
Did Nalanda burn for 3 months?
Yes, historical records indicate that the fire set by Bakhtiyar Khilji raged for approximately three months. The extensive library and numerous manuscripts were engulfed in flames, causing irreparable damage to centuries of accumulated knowledge.
How many books were burned in Nalanda University?
It is estimated that Nalanda University’s library, known as ‘Dharma Gunj’ or the ‘Mountain of Truth’, housed around nine million handwritten palm-leaf manuscripts. Most of these were destroyed in the fire, making it one of the greatest losses of literary and scholarly works in history.
Who built Nalanda University first?
Nalanda University was established in the 5th century CE under the patronage of the Gupta Empire, particularly during the reign of Kumaragupta I. The university was built in the ancient kingdom of Magadha, near present-day Rajgir in Bihar, India.
Who rebuilt Nalanda University?
The revival of Nalanda University was proposed by former president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam in 2006. The Nalanda University Bill was passed in 2010, leading to the operational launch of the university in 2014 from a temporary location near Rajgir. Former president Pranab Mukherjee laid the foundation stone for the permanent campus in 2016, and the new campus was inaugurated in 2024 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
What is the second name of Nalanda University?
Nalanda University does not have a widely recognized second name, but it is often referred to simply as “Nalanda” in historical and academic contexts.
Who repaired Nalanda?
The initial repair and excavation of Nalanda were undertaken by Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1861, who officially identified the site. Further efforts to revive the university in a modern context were led by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and supported by subsequent Indian government initiatives.
Does Nalanda University still exist?
Yes, Nalanda University has been revived and now operates a new campus near the ancient ruins of Rajgir in Bihar, India. The new campus was inaugurated in 2024 and continues to offer a range of academic programs and research opportunities.
Who donated 200 villages for Nalanda University?
During its peak, Nalanda University received patronage from several rulers. The donation of 200 villages for the maintenance of the university is attributed to King Harsha of the 7th century CE, who was a significant benefactor of the institution.
Which Chinese visited Nalanda?
Several Chinese scholars visited Nalanda University, the most famous being Xuanzang (Hsuan-tsang) and Yijing (I-tsing). Xuanzang studied and taught at Nalanda in the 7th century and later wrote detailed accounts of his experiences, providing valuable insights into the university’s operations and contributions.
How many years old is Nalanda University?
Nalanda University was established around the 5th century CE, making it approximately 1,600 years old. The modern revival of Nalanda University began in 2014, continuing the legacy of this ancient institution.
What movie is based on Nalanda University?
There isn’t a mainstream movie specifically focused on Nalanda University, but the university’s rich history and dramatic destruction have inspired various documentaries and historical films that touch upon its significance and legacy. One notable documentary is “The Lost Temples of India: Nalanda,” which explores the history and impact of the university.
A Promising Future
Not only are the historic ruins being restored, but a heritage representing the quest of knowledge, cross-cultural communication, and intellectual development is being reignited at Nalanda University. India’s new campus is evidence of both the country’s dedication to furthering global research and its historic educational legacy.
As Nalanda University enters a new chapter in its history, it welcomes the chances and challenges of the future while continuing to find inspiration in its rich history. Nalanda University is well-positioned for regaining its position as a leading university, producing a new wave of academics and leaders, thanks to its modern facilities, broad academic offerings, and dedication to sustainability.
In summary, Nalanda University’s history is a tale of great achievement, tragic loss, and motivating rebirth. The new campus serves as both a symbol of optimism for the future of international education and a monument to the long-lasting heritage of the historic institution. We expect the numerous contributions Nalanda University will make to the globe in the years to come as we honor this historic event.
1 thought on “Why Nalanda University is Globally Famous: A Historical and Modern Overview”